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Topography
Quang
Ninh is a mountainous and coastal province, with more than 80% of
its area being made up of mountains and hills. The 2,000-some
islands are also considered mountains.
The
mountainous zone can be divided into two parts: the eastern
mountainous region extending from Tiên Yên through B́nh Liêu,
Hải Hà, Đầm Hà and Móng Cái; and the western zone
ranging from Tiên Yên through Ba Chẽ and Hoành Bồ,
north of Uông Bí Town. The former is a continuation of the Thâp
Van Đai Son range in China. There are two main chains: Quang Nam
Châu (1,507 m-high) and Cao Xiêm (1,330 m-high). The western
zone features smooth and curved mountains called Đông
Triều with Yên Tu Mount (1,068) in Uông Bí region and Am
Váp Mount (1,094) in Hoành Bồ District.
The
midland and coastal plains include a low range of hills weathered
by both wind and water; forming fields and river basins. They
include the zones of Đông Triêu, Uông Bí, northern Yên Hưng,
southern Tiên Yên, Hải Hà and some of Móng Cái. In the
estuaries, alluvial soil is deposited, creating low tidal flats.
This can be found in the areas of southern Uông Bí, southern Yên
Hưng (Hà Nam Island), eastern Yên Hưng, Đông Rui (Tiên
Yên), southern Đầm Hà and Móng Cái, southeastern
Hải Hà. The midlands and plains of the coastline are
extremely favourable for agriculture and transport. It has become
a densely populated area of the province.
The
sea and island zone of Quang Ninh has a unique terrain. There are
more than 2,000 islands, making up two thirds of the country’s
islands. They extend along the coast for more than 250 km and
divide into numerous layers. The largest islands are Cái Bâu and
Ban Sen, while the smallest are just like rocks in a garden. Vân
Đôn and Cô Tô are island districts. There are thousand of
islands on Ha Long Bay and Bái Tu Long Bay of which are many
beautiful grottoes under them.
Besides
areas of alluvial deposits, there are also white sand zones which
have built up from tidal action. Some places have formed white
sand mines producing materials for the glass industry (Vân Hai),
or have developed into wonderful tourism spots (Trà Cô, Quan
Lan, Minh Châu, Ngoc Vung).
The
sea bottom terrain of Quang Ninh isn't smooth, and has an average
depth of 20 m. There are the remnants of ancient streams and
underwater rocky banks. The streams from the mainland connect to
deep drains along the sea-floor; creating a series of waterways,
canals and harbours along the coast.
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